VHD in rabbits

Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (VHD) In Rabbits


Most rabbit owners have heard of Myxomatosis and know they should have their rabbits vaccinated against it at least every year. But what about the other injection the rabbit has? The one which is given two weeks apart from the Myxo vaccine and protects them against something called VHD? Responsible rabbit owners will always follow their vet´s advice and have this injection as well but many will not be aware of VHD as a disease, which is not nearly as common as Myxomatosis but is just as deadly.

What is VHD?

VHD is a very infectious viral disease of rabbits. It was first diagnosed in the UK in 1992 but had been a worldwide problem for many years before that. Up until 1996 it was a ´notifiable disease´, which meant if vets found it they had to report it to the Government so they could try to control the spread. However, it soon became so widespread that the attempt and reporting was abandoned. The virus survives well outside a rabbits body and can remain active for several months, which is why it spreads so easily.

How can my rabbit catch VHD?

A pet rabbit can catch VHD from either direct contact with an infected bunny (either wild or pet) or from the virus being carried on things like their owner´s shoes or clothing or infected bedding (so called ´in-direct´ contact) Therefore both indoor and outdoor rabbits are at risk from the disease and those who live in rural areas close to wild rabbits are particularly vulnerable.

What are the symptoms of VHD?

A rabbit infected with VHD will become very sick very quickly; they can collapse and die with no warning. However, more usually they will become depressed, anorexic and have a high temperature. They may also have trouble breathing, develop nose bleeds and can even fit. These symptoms are related to the virus causing both internal and external haemorrhages (hence the name). The virus takes between 1-3 days to cause symptoms and most infected rabbits die within 12-36 hours of becoming poorly.

How is VHD treated?

There is no treatment for VHD and the vast majority of infected rabbits will die, even with intensive nursing care. Only babies less than eight weeks old are unaffected if they are exposed and they will go on to be immune for life. Vaccination and prevention is the only cure!


Please note, this is an advise only article, if you have any specific concerns or questions about your pet, you should contact your vet.